There are two types of leaf springs:

(1) Multi-leaf leaf spring: It consists of multiple steel plates with different lengths and the same width. The steel plates of multiple leaf springs are superimposed into an inverted triangle. The top plate is the longest and the bottom plate is the shortest. The number of steel plates is related to the weight of the supporting bus bars. The more steel plates, the thicker the steel plates and the shorter the spring rate. However, when the leaf springs are used for a long time, the steel plates slide and rub against each other, generating noise. The relative friction between the steel plates can also cause the springs to deform, resulting in an uneven ride.

(2) Fewer leaf springs: It consists of steel plates with thin ends, thick middles, and equal widths and equal lengths. A small number of leaf springs have a large change in the section of the steel plate, and the section from the middle to the two ends is gradually different. Therefore, the rolling process is more complicated and more expensive than multi-leaf springs. Compared with multi-leaf leaf springs, under the same stiffness (that is, the same bearing capacity), the few-leaf leaf springs are about 50% lighter than the multi-leaf leaf springs, thereby reducing fuel consumption and improving ride comfort. In addition, some leaf springs are in point contact with each other, which reduces relative friction and vibration, improving ride comfort.

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